Bava Batra 182

Chapter 182

א מנהיגו ואוי לה לספינה שאבד קברינטא
1 its leader and woe to the ship that has lost its pilot.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [G], 'steersman', pilot'. ');"><sup>1</sup></span> <i>And thou art exalted as head above all</i>,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I Chron. XXIX, 11. ');"><sup>2</sup></span> R. Hanan b. Raba said in the name of Rab: Even a superintendent of a well<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., a minor headship. ');"><sup>3</sup></span>
ב (דברי הימים א כט, יא) והמתנשא לכל לראש אמר רב חנן בר רבא אמר רב אפי' ריש גרגותא משמיא מוקמי ליה
2 is appointed in heaven.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This is inferred from the text which in Heb. reads, [H] and which may be rendered as in E.V., supra, as well as, 'through thee is appointed he who is raised as chief over anything'. ');"><sup>4</sup></span> R. Hiyya b. Abin said in the name of R. Joshua b. Korhah: God forbid [that Elimelech and his family should be condemned for leaving Palestine]; for had they found even only bran they would not have left [the country]. Why then was punishment inflicted upon them? — Because they should have begged mercy<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That the famine (cf. Ruth I, 1) should cease. ');"><sup>5</sup></span> for their generation, and they did not do so; for it is said, <i>When thou criest, let them that thou hast gathered deliver thee</i>.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Isa. LVII, 13. By praying for the delivery of others, one is himself delivered. ');"><sup>6</sup></span>
ג אמר רב חייא בר אבין א"ר יהושע בן קרחה חס ושלום שאפי' מצאו סובין לא יצאו ואלא מפני מה נענשו שהיה להן לבקש רחמים על דורם ולא בקשו שנאמר (ישעיהו נז, יג) בזעקך יצילוך קבוציך
3 Rabbah b. Bar Hana said in the name of R. Johanan: [This]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That one must not leave Palestine. ');"><sup>7</sup></span> has only been taught [in the case when] money is cheap and fruit is dear, but [when] money is dear, even if four <i>se'ah</i> cost [only] a sela, it is permitted to leave [the country]. (Mnemonic Sign: <i>Sela, Workman, carob, the lads say</i>.)<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The mnemonic is an aid to the recollection of the statements of R. Johanan that follow. ');"><sup>8</sup></span>
ד אמר רבה בר בר חנה אמר רבי יוחנן לא שנו אלא מעות בזול ופירות ביוקר אבל מעות ביוקר אפי' עמדו ארבע סאין בסלע יוצאין
4 For<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Reason for statement in previous para. ');"><sup>9</sup></span> R. Johanan said:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ta'an. 19b. ');"><sup>10</sup></span> I remember [the time] when four <i>se'ah</i> cost a sela and there were numerous deaths from starvation<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'swollen from hunger'. ');"><sup>11</sup></span>
ה (סימן סלע פועל חרובא טליא אמרין) דאמר ר' יוחנן נהירנא כד הוו קיימין ארבע סאין בסלע והוו נפישי נפיחי כפן בטבריא מדלית איסר ואמר רבי יוחנן נהירנא כד לא הוו מיתגרין פועליא למדנח קרתא מריח פיתא מייתין
5 in Tiberias, for want of an isar<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Small coin, v. Glos. ');"><sup>12</sup></span> [wherewith to buy bread]. R. Johanan further stated: I remember [the time] when workmen would not accept work on the east side of the town where workmen died from the odour of the bread.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This probably means that people were so starved that the odour of the bread baked in the east, and presumably wealthier part of the town, had a fatal effect upon them. ');"><sup>13</sup></span>
ו ואמר רבי יוחנן נהירנא כד הוה בצע ינוקא חרובא והוה נגיד חוטא דדובשא על תרין דרעוהי ואמר ר' אלעזר נהירנא כד הוה נטיל עורבא בשרא ונגיד חוטא דמשחא מריש שורא ועד לארעא ואמר רבי יוחנן נהירנא כד הוו מטיילין טליא וטלייתא בשוקא כבר שית עשרה וכבר שב עשרה ולא הוו חטאן ואמר ר' יוחנן נהירנא כד הוו אמרין בי מדרשא דמודי להון נפיל בידיהון דמתרחיץ עליהון דיליה דילהון:
6 R. Johanan further stated: I remember [the time] when a child would break a carob pod and a line of honey would run down over both his arms. And R. Eleazar said: I remember [a time] when a raven would take [a piece of] flesh, and a line of oil would rundown from the top of the wall to the ground. R. Johanan further stated: I remember [the time] when lads and lasses of sixteen and seventeen years of age took walks [together] in the open air and did not sin. R. Johanan further stated: I remember [the time] when it has been said in the house of study: 'He that agrees with them<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The heathens. ');"><sup>14</sup></span>
ז כתיב (רות א, ב) מחלון וכליון וכתיב (דברי הימים א ד, כב) יואש ושרף רב ושמואל חד אמר מחלון וכליון שמן ולמה נקרא שמן (שרף ויואש) יואש שנתיאשו מן הגאולה שרף שנתחייבו שריפה למקום
7 falls into their hands; [as to him] who trusts in them, [whatever is] his [becomes] theirs'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' At an unguarded moment they rob him of all he has. ');"><sup>15</sup></span> [Why] has it been written, <i>Mahlon and Chilion</i><span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ruth I, 2. ');"><sup>16</sup></span> [in one place], and <i>Joash and Saraph</i><span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I Chron. IV, 22. ');"><sup>17</sup></span>
ח וחד אמר יואש ושרף שמן ולמה נקרא שמן מחלון וכליון מחלון שעשו גופן חולין וכליון שנתחייבו כליה למקום
8 in another?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The assumption here is that they are the same two persons. ');"><sup>18</sup></span> — Rab and Samuel [explained]. One said: Their names were Mahlon and Chilion, but they were called Joash and Saraph [for this reason]: Joash,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [H] is taken to be derived from the root [H] 'to give up hope'. ');"><sup>19</sup></span> because they lost hope in the [messianic] redemption [of Israel;] [and] Saraph,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [H] from [H] 'to burn'. ');"><sup>20</sup></span>
ט תניא כמאן דאמר מחלון וכליון שמן דתניא מאי דכתיב (דברי הימים א ד, כב) ויוקים ואנשי כוזיבא ויואש ושרף אשר בעלו למואב וישבי לחם והדברים עתיקים ויוקים זה יהושע שהקים שבועה לאנשי גבעון ואנשי כוזיבא אלו אנשי גבעון שכזבו ביהושע ויואש ושרף אלו מחלון וכליון ולמה נקרא שמן יואש ושרף יואש שנתיאשו מן הגאולה שרף שנתחייבו שריפה למקום
9 because they were condemned by the Omnipresent to be burned. And the other says: Their names were Joash and Saraph, but they were called Mahlon and Chilion [for this reason]: Mahlon,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [H] is derived from the root [H] 'profane'. ');"><sup>21</sup></span> because they profaned their bodies; and Chilion,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [H] from [H] 'to destroy'; [H] 'destruction'. ');"><sup>22</sup></span> because they were condemned by the Omnipresent to destruction.
י אשר בעלו למואב שנשאו נשים מואביות וישבי לחם זו רות המואביה ששבה ונדבקה בבית לחם יהודה והדברים עתיקים דברים הללו עתיק יומיא אמרן [דכתיב (תהלים פט, כא) מצאתי דוד עבדי וכתיב (בראשית יט, טו) שתי בנותיך הנמצאות]:
10 There is [a Baraitha] taught in agreement with him who said that their names were Mahlon and Chilion. For it has been taught: What is [the interpretation] of the Biblical text, And Jokim, and the men of Cozeba, and Joash and Saraph, who had dominion in Moab, and Jashubilehem; and the things are ancient?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I Chron. IV, 22. ');"><sup>23</sup></span> — And Jokim, is Joshua who kept<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [H] same root as that of [H] 'and Jokim'. ');"><sup>24</sup></span> his oath to the men of Gibeon.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. Josh. IX. 15, 26. ');"><sup>25</sup></span>
יא (דברי הימים א ד, כג) המה היוצרים ויושבי נטעים וגדרה עם המלך במלאכתו ישבו שם המה היוצרים אלו בני יונדב בן רכב שנצרו שבועת אביהם
11 And the men of Cozeba, these are the men of Gibeon who lied to Joshua.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. ibid. vv. 4ff. Lied, [H] from the same root as [H] 'Cozeba'. ');"><sup>26</sup></span> And Joash and Seraph, these are Mahlon and Chilion. And why were they called Joash and Saraph? — Joash, because they lost hope<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. p. 378, n. 9. ');"><sup>27</sup></span> in the [Messianic] redemption [of Israel]; Saraph, because they were condemned by the Omnipresent to be burned.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. p. 378, n. 10. ');"><sup>28</sup></span>
יב יושבי נטעים זה שלמה שדומה לנטיעה במלכותו וגדרה זו סנהדרין שגדרו פרצותיהן של ישראל עם המלך במלאכתו ישבו שם זו רות המואביה שראתה במלכות שלמה בן בנו של בן בנה שנאמר (מלכים א ב, יט) וישם כסא לאם המלך וא"ר אלעזר לאמה של מלכות
12 Who had dominion in Moab, [means], they who married wives of the women of Moab. And Jashubilehem, refers to Ruth the Moabitess who returned<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [H] from the same root as [H] and Jashubi'. ');"><sup>29</sup></span> and kept fast by Bethlehem<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [H] the second word being the same as the second word in [H] 'and Jashubilehem'. ');"><sup>30</sup></span> of Judah. And the things are ancient, [means] these things were said by the Ancient of days.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. Dan. VII, 9, 22. The series of events and circumstances, which commenced with the departure of Naomi's family from Palestine and terminated with the birth of David, was pre-ordained by God. ');"><sup>31</sup></span>
יג ת"ר (ויקרא כה, כב) ואכלתם מן התבואה ישן בלא סלמנטון מאי בלא סלמנטון רב נחמן אמר בלא רצינתא ורב ששת אמר בלא שדיפא
13 <i>These were the potters and those that dwelt among plantations and hedges; there they dwelt occupied in the king's work</i>.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I Chron. IV, 23. ');"><sup>32</sup></span> These were the potters, refers to the sons of Jonadab the son of Rechab who kept<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [H] taken to be from a root similar to that of [H] 'the potters'. ');"><sup>33</sup></span> the oath of their father.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. Jer. XXXV, 6ff. ');"><sup>34</sup></span>
יד תניא כותיה דרב ששת תניא כותיה דרב נחמן תניא כותיה דרב נחמן ואכלתם ישן יכול יהו ישראל מצפין לחדש מפני ישן שכלה ת"ל (ויקרא כה, כב) עד בא תבואתה עד שתבא תבואה מאליה
14 Those that dwelt among the plantations, has reference to Solomon who in his kingdom was like a [constantly flourishing] plant. And hedges, refers to the Sanhedrin<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [G], the supreme council and highest court of justice in Jewry in Talmudic times. ');"><sup>35</sup></span> who fenced in the breaches in Israel. There they dwelt occupied in the king's work, refers to Ruth the Moabitess who saw the kingdom of Solomon, the grandson of her grandson; for it is said: And [Solomon] caused a throne to be set up for the king's mother,'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I Kings II, 19. ');"><sup>36</sup></span> and R. Eleazar said, 'to the mother of the dynasty'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., Ruth the mother of the dynasty of David. Cf. Ruth, IV, 10, 21-22. ');"><sup>37</sup></span>
טו תניא כותיה דרב ששת ואכלתם מן התבואה ישן יכול יהו ישראל מצפין לחדש מפני ישן שרע ת"ל עד בא תבואתה עד שתבא תבואה מאליה
15 Our Rabbis taught: [It is written], <i>And ye shall eat of the produce, the old store</i>;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XXV, 22. ');"><sup>38</sup></span> [that is] without [the necessity for] a preservative.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Heb. Salminton, cf. salsamintum. ');"><sup>39</sup></span> What [is the meaning of] 'without salminton'? — R. Nahman said: Without the grain worm. And R. Shesheth said: Without blast. A Baraitha has been taught in agreement with [the interpretation] of R. Shesheth, [and] a Baraitha has been taught in agreement with that of R. Nahman. In agreement with that of R. Nahman it has been taught: [It is written], <i>and ye shall eat&nbsp;… the old store</i>; one might [think that] Israel will be looking out for the new [produce] because the old<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which had been promised to Israel in the previous section of the verse to last until, but not into, the new harvesting season. ');"><sup>40</sup></span>
טז ת"ר (ויקרא כו, י) ואכלתם ישן נושן מלמד שכל המיושן מחבירו הוי יפה מחבירו ואין לי אלא דברים שדרכן ליישנן דברים שאין דרכן ליישנן מנין ת"ל ישן נושן מכל מקום
16 had been destroyed [by the grain worm], therefore it is expressly said, <i>until her produce came in</i>, that is, until the produce will come [naturally] of itself.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' There will be no need to have recourse to an early and forced harvesting. ');"><sup>41</sup></span> In agreement with that of R. Shesheth, it has been taught: [It is written], <i>And ye shall eat of the produce of the old store</i>; one might [think that] Israel will be looking out for the new [produce] because the old was spoilt<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'spoilt' not 'destroyed'. The grain worm destroys, the blast only spoils the crops. ');"><sup>42</sup></span> [by the blast], therefore it is expressly said, <i>until her produce come in</i>, [that is] until the produce will come in the natural course.
יז וישן מפני חדש תוציאו מלמד שהיו אוצרות מלאין ישן וגרנות מלאין חדש והיו ישראל אומרים היאך נוציא זה מפני זה אמר רב פפא כל מילי עתיקא מעליא לבר מתמרי ושיכרא והרסנא:
17 Our Rabbis taught: [It is written], <i>And ye shall eat old store long kept</i>;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XXVI, 10. ');"><sup>43</sup></span> [this] teaches that the older [the produce] the better [it would be].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'whatever is older than the other, is better'. ');"><sup>44</sup></span> [From this] one infers only [concerning] things which are commonly stored away,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'made old'. ');"><sup>45</sup></span>
יח <br><br><big><strong>הדרן עלך המוכר את הספינה</strong></big><br><br>
18 whence [may one also infer] concerning things which are not commonly stored away?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'made old'. ');"><sup>45</sup></span> — It is explicitly stated: <i>Old store long kept</i>,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [H] 'old, very old'. The repetition indicates that any old things, even though not usually stored away, are included. ');"><sup>46</sup></span> [which implies] 'in all cases — [It is written]: <i>And ye shall bring forth the old from before the new</i>;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. ');"><sup>47</sup></span> [this] teaches that the storehouses would be full of old [produce]. and the threshing-floors of new, and Israel would say: 'How shall we take out one before the other!'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'Ye shall bring forth' implies 'under compulsion'. There will be so much new that no space for the old will remain. ');"><sup>48</sup></span> R. Papa said: All things are better [when] old, except dates, beer and small fishes.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Others, 'fish-hash'. ');"><sup>49</sup></span>